Radio Propagation in Terrestrial Broadcasting Television Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

During the last two decades, terrestrial TV broadcasting has evolved from analog to digital technology, permitting a better spectrum efficiency, being more resistant noise and interference as well improving signal quality. High Definition TeleVison (HDTV) been introduced enhance viewer's experience. HDTV Ultra TeleVision bring challenge of having quasi-error free performance at bit error rate low 10 -12 ; i.e. less than one uncorrectable during hour's continuous transmission 5 Mbps data stream. Such rates require robust standards, careful network planning optimized service operation. Propagation phenomena have direct (and possibly critical) impact on those three pillars. This paper fills current gap thorough survey propagation methods models for broadcasting. We contribute this field with description analysis concerning different aspects broadcast planning, standard evaluation, The provides also technical perspective state-of-the-art standards discusses relevancy studies future development regulation challenges.